HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ADAPTIVE SPORT THROUGH THE PRISM OF ITS GENERAL PRINCIPLES

Abstract

The article explores the historical aspects and current issues of the formation and development of adaptive sports in the world and in Ukraine. It is noted that in the context of military actions, adaptive sports play a crucial role in the social reintegration of soldiers who have acquired disabilities. Through adaptive sports, health is strengthened, psychological barriers are overcome, physical qualities are developed, and athletic potential is realized. The general principles of modern adaptive sports are identified as the principles of historicism, humanism, socialization, health and rehabilitation focus and hedonism. It has been established that the history of adaptive sports dates back to antiquity, particularly in Sparta, where warriors with disabilities participated in competitions, inspiring youth with their example. However, the official establishment of adaptive sports took place in the 20th century. German doctor Ludwig Guttmann was the first to organize competitions for people with spinal injuries, which later evolved into the Paralympic Games. The first such games for war veterans were held in London in 1948, serving as a precursor to the modern international Paralympic movement. We believe that today, adaptive sports are not only a means of physical rehabilitation but also an important tool for social integration. Ukrainian Paralympians demonstrate exceptional achievements in international competitions, consistently placing high in the overall standings. In conclusion, it should be noted that contemporary Ukrainian society is undergoing a process of breaking free from the Soviet legacy and forming a new society based on respect for all its members, including people with disabilities. A key element of this process is the development of Paralympic and adaptive sports, which contribute to the rehabilitation and integration of people with disabilities. The high achievements of Ukrainian athletes in international competitions, such as the 2024 Paralympic Games and the 2023 Invictus Games, confirm the success of this strategy and the increasing level of civilization within society.