EXPERIMENTAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR INITIAL TRAINING IN BASIC ELEMENTS OF RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS FOR CHILDREN AGED 5–6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31110/2616-650X-vol13i8-018Keywords:
rhythmic gymnastics, initial training, basic elements, special exercises, physical fitnessAbstract
This article presents a pedagogical experiment designed to substantiate and verify a staged algorithm for initial training in the basic elements of rhythmic gymnastics in children aged 5–6 years. A year-long macrocycle - familiarization, preparatory, corrective, instructional, and formative phases—was organized with three control assessments, integrating targeted development of key motor abilities (flexibility, balance, coordination, speed-strength) with systematic acquisition of technical skills (“swallow”, “shoulder stand”, “bridge”, “rolls”, “turns”, and “jumps with/without apparatus”). Sixteen girls aged 5–6 participated. Baseline profiles guided individualized selection of preparatory and auxiliary drills. Monitoring combined tests of special physical fitness with expert judging by five first-category referees using a 10-point scale. Statistical processing (means, standard errors, Student’s t, p-values) revealed significant gains: shoulder stand improved from 4.49±0.21 to 5.22±0.23 (t=2.31; p<0.05), forward roll from 4.30±0.26 to 5.15±0.28 (t=2.27; p<0.05), bridge from 4.00±0.29 to 5.16±0.26 (t=3.00; p<0.01), straight-arm dislocation with a stick from 3.35±0.22 to 5.92±0.33 (t=6.45; p<0.001), cross split from 4.04±0.26 to 5.21±0.30 (t=2.93; p<0.01); jump variants rose to 5.35±0.34 (t=3.07; p<0.01) and 5.21±0.28 (t=2.22; p<0.05). These effects reflect a progression from simple to complex, with an emphasis on active flexibility and balance, systematic training of rhythmization and kinesthetic control, and apparatus-based drills that increase sensorimotor demands. The study’s novelty lies in an integrated, algorithm-driven path for mastering basic elements coupled with individualized preparatory exercise sets tailored to preschool capabilities. Practically, the macrocycle structure, control checkpoints, scoring criteria, and exercise catalog provide a ready-to-apply template for children’s sports schools to plan sessions and monitor individual progress.
References
Черних, Т., Мулик, В., Скалій, Т., & Окунь, Д. (2020). Застосування спеціально-підготовчих вправ для засвоєння базових елементів спортивної акробатики юними спортсменами-початківцями. Слобожанський науково-спортивний вісник, 6(80), 11–16.
Харченко, Т. П., & Мулик, В. В. (2009). Дослідження надійності та інформативності тестів для визначення статичної та динамічної рівноваги в юних фігуристів 7–9 років. Слобожанський науково-спортивний вісник, (3), 82–84.
Черних, Т., Мулик, В., & Окунь, Д. (2019). Дослідження рівня фізичної підготовленості юних спортсменів-акробатів на початковому етапі підготовки. Слобожанський науково-спортивний вісник, 5(73), 61–65. https://doi.org/10.15391/snsv.2019-5.010
Матвєєв, Л. П. (1999). Основи загальної теорії спорту і системи підготовки спортсменів. Київ: Олімпійська література.
Платонов, В. Н., & Сахновський, К. П. (1988). Підготовка юного спортсмена. Київ: Радянська школа.
Платонов, В. Н. (2017). Рухові якості і фізична підготовка спортсменів. Київ: Олімпійська література.
Riabchenko, O., & Elmira Elkhan kyzy, A. (2021). Determination of the correlation dependence of mastering the basic elements of rhythmic gymnastics on the use of the classical exercise by girls 5–6 years old. Slobozhanskyi naukovo-sportyvnyi visnyk, 9(6), 44–54.
Di Cagno, A., Baldari, C., Battaglia, C., Monteiro, M. D., Pappalardo, A., Piazza, M., & Guidetti, L. (2009). Factors influencing performance of competitive and amateur rhythmic gymnastics: Gender differences. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12(3), 411–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2008.01.006
Jemni, M. (2011). The science of gymnastics. Routledge. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323643059_The_Science_of_Gymnastics_Edition_2-_Advanced_Studies
Douda, H. T., Toubekis, A. G., Avloniti, A. A., & Tokmakidis, S. P. (2008). Physiological and anthropometric determinants of rhythmic gymnastics performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 3(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.3.1.41
Marina, M., & Rodríguez, F. A. (2014). Physiological demands of young women's competitive gymnastic routines. Biology of Sport, 31(3), 217–222. https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1111849
Chernyshenko, T., Romanenko, V., & Krasnobayeva, T. (2025). Special training by means of musical rhythm for 6–7-year-old rhythmic gymnasts at the initial preparation stage. Physical Culture, Sports and Health of the Nation, 19(38), 250–260. https://doi.org/10.31652/2071-5285-2025-19(38)-250-260
Fedoryaka, A. V. (2025). Development of coordination abilities in girls aged 7–8 years by means of aesthetic gymnastics. In Integration of Education, Science and Business in Modern Environment: Winter Debates (6th Int. Sci. Pract. Internet Conf., February 6–7, 2025, p. 322).
Payne, V. G., & Isaacs, L. D. (2017). Human motor development: A lifespan approach (9th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315213040
Favoritov, V. M., & Silyavina, K. A. (2014). Features and effectiveness of the methodology of targeted flexibility development in young gymnasts aged 6–7. Slobozhanskyi herald of science and sport, 2, 121–124.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ольга Рябченко, Олександр Тихорський, Вячеслав Мулик
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
- Authors grant the journal a right of the first publication of the work under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)that allows others freely to use (read, copy and print) submissions, search content and link to published articles, disseminate their full text and use them for any legitimate non-commercial purposes (i.e. educational or scientific) with the mandatory reference to the article’s authors and initial publication in this journal.
- Original published articles cannot be used by users (exept authors) for commercial purposes or distributed by third-party intermediary organizations for a fee.
