TEACHING PHYSICS THROUGH PRACTICE: STEM INTEGRATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF PLANT GROWING SYSTEM DESIGN

Abstract

The article examines the integration of STEM education into the physics learning process through the implementation of practical projects, such as the design of plant growing systems. The authors emphasize that traditional methods of teaching physics are often limited to a theoretical approach that does not contribute to the development of practical skills and interdisciplinary thinking. The lack of connection between theory and real life reduces students' interest in physics, which limits their ability to adapt to the challenges of the modern world. In this context, the implementation of the STEM approach helps to connect physics with other sciences, such as biology, chemistry and engineering, and provides practical application of physical knowledge. The example of a seedling box project demonstrates how studying physical phenomena (thermal, light, gas, mechanical) contributes to students' understanding of basic physical laws and the formation of analysis, modeling, and design skills. Elementary school students focus on basic concepts and simple experiments, while high school focuses on more complex aspects, such as the wave nature of light, heat transfer, electricity, and programming. The use of digital technologies, including sensors and microcontrollers, allows students to collect, analyze, and systematize data. Project-based learning stimulates the development of critical thinking, creativity, teamwork, and environmental literacy. Through the integration of STEM methods, students acquire the skills necessary to solve global problems, such as energy efficiency and sustainable development. The authors emphasize that such projects allow for a harmonious combination of theoretical knowledge with practical tasks, motivating students to learn and preparing them for innovative activities. The article is an important contribution to the development of STEM education, demonstrating its potential for modernizing the teaching process in physics and forming key competencies of students.